QUOTATIONS IN A LITERATURE ESSAY

Quotations are essential in a literature essay and must be accurate. They may be brief.  There are two ways of introducing them:
1) Short ones may be run into your sentence, enclosing them in quotation marks:
After hearing that Malcolm is to be Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth sees it as a threat: "That is a step/On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap". The end of the line is shown by a forward slash.
If you need to change the pronoun to make the quotation fit your sentence, use square brackets: Macbeth fears that this is a step, "On which [he] must fall down, or else o'erleap."
2) Longer quotations should start on a new line. Do not use quotation marks but indent the passage.
Macbeth hears that Malcolm is to be made Prince of Cumberland and falls into private thoughts:
        The Prince of Cumberland! - That is a step
        On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap,
        For in my way it lies.

(Act I, sc. iv, line 48 - you do not need to give these references)

COURTLY LOVE

This is a retrospective term used by modern readers to denote a code of practice of love in Medieval times. It was probably more aspirational and fictional than actually practised. In the idealised form, a man loves a disdainful woman from afar and she may be married as well as superior to him in rank.  He serves her, pines for her and, in hyperbolic language, may threaten to die for her because of his torment of unrequited passion.
Chaucer's "Knight's Tale" is an example of this where the two men, Palamon and Arcite, fight over Emelye, who barely knows they exist.
Click here to see my analysis of this Tale on my literary website.